Informal habitats and participatory processes in the construction of common spaces in the Asentamientos Humanos in Lima

Abstract

Informal settlements are a global urban phenomenon that affects a substantial share of the world’s urban population. A significant part of the world’s urban future is unfolding in the informal megacities of South America, Asia, and Africa, where conventional models of urbanism have been replaced by diverse forms of informality. This paper focuses on Lima, where informal settlements known as Asentamientos Humanos constitute nearly 70 % of the urban fabric. Asentamientos Humanos are characterised by high human density, a lack of adequate services and infrastructure, and vulnerability to the effects of climate change. However, they are also places of architectural and urban experimentation, supported by incremental approaches and community practices that encourage participatory and self-organising spatial processes. Many initiatives rely on collective efforts to shape space, with growing attention to shared water management. This study examines several initiatives within Lima’s Asentamientos Humanos using qualitative, empirical, and interdisciplinary approaches, alongside site visits, photographic and sketch documentation, and interviews with residents. Case studies were selected to represent typical settlement typologies, land conditions, and participatory projects. This research identifies spatial and social strategies that support adaptation to environmental, economic, and political challenges, highlighting how collective and incremental processes can foster resilient housing, social cohesion, and adaptable solutions in resource-constrained contexts.

The article is a part of the upcoming special issue "Circular Cities and Regions – Planning for Sustainable Social and Inclusive Communities".